Mammogram and Ultrasound Evaluation of Breast Lesions with Cytohistological Correlation: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a significant health burden, being the second most common malignancy among women in India. Early detection through imaging, particularly mammography and ultrasonography (USG), is critical for effective management. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mammography and ultrasonography in classifying breast lesions according to the breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) categories and compare it with histopathology. Material and Methods: This is an observational study conducted at SRMSIMS Hospital, Bareilly, India, over 1.5 years. The study included 90 female patients presenting with breast-related symptoms. Categorical data was shown in terms of frequency and percentage. The association between two categorical variables was assessed through the chi-square test. Data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: The majority of participants were aged 45 to 54 years, with 83.3% of lesions exhibiting high density. BI-RADS classification through mammography identified 50% of lesions as suspicious for malignancy (BI-RADS IV), while 21.1% were highly suggestive of malignancy (BI-RADS V). SONO-BIRADS classified 45.6 and 26.7% of lesions as BI-RADS IV and V, respectively. Comparison with FNAC and histopathology revealed a statistically significant correlation with MAMMOBIRADS and SONO-BIRADS categories (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study concludes the critical role of mammography and ultrasonography in the early detection and correct classification of breast lesions. The frequent occurrence of BIRADS IV and V categories pointed out the need for quick biopsies. The reliability of the BI-RADS system in clinical practice is acknowledged, indicating the value of integrating mammography and ultrasound to enhance diagnostic precision and patient care.