A study on Indications and Outcome of Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) is the standard surgical procedure for restoring vision in patients with severe corneal diseases. This study evaluates the indications and outcomes of PK in a tertiary care hospital setting. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences from August 2022 to January 2024, including patients aged 18 years and older who presented with corneal opacity. Data collection included demographic profiles, clinical histories, and post-operative outcomes, analyzed using statistical software. Results: Among 79 patients, 62 (78.5%) were male, with corneal ulcers being the leading indication (46.8%). Notably, patients aged 61 to 65 years had the highest incidence of corneal ulcers (55.2%). Trauma was significantly associated with the need for PK (Chi-square: 45.5, p < 0.001), while diabetes showed no significant correlation. Visual acuity significantly improved post-operatively, with 64.6% achieving better outcomes at three months. Complications were noted in 17.7% of patients, with loose sutures being the most common (8.9%). Conclusion: PK is effective in improving visual outcomes, especially in cases of corneal ulcers. However, careful monitoring of complications, particularly in patients using steroids, is crucial for enhancing surgical success.