Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Angiographic Severity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with modifiable risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking being well-established contributors. Recent evidence suggests vitamin D deficiency may also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to assess the impact of vitamin D deficiency on angiographic severity in ACS patients. Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMSIMS), Bareilly, over 18 months (August 2022 to January 2024). A total of 101 patients diagnosed with ACS, including unstable angina, STEMI, and NSTEMI, were included. Serum vitamin D levels were measured, and coronary angiography was performed to assess the severity of CAD. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Results: The study found a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL) and more severe coronary involvement. Of the 101 patients, 43.56% had vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL. Significant associations were observed between low vitamin D levels and abnormal angiographic findings in the left main artery (p <0.001), LAD, LC, and RCA. Additionally, low vitamin D levels were linked to triple-vessel disease (60.30%) in ACS patients (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is strongly associated with more severe coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome, suggesting its potential role in risk stratification and management. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic benefits of correcting vitamin D deficiency in CAD patients.